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Biblical Foundations of Christian Ethics
Christian ethics in business finds its roots in the sacred scriptures of Christianity—the Bible. We will provide an analysis of key biblical principles and teachings that form the foundation of this ethical framework. These include the Ten Commandments, the Great Commandment (Matthew 22:37-40), the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7), and the Golden Rule (Matthew 7:12). We will explore the relevance of these teachings to modern business practices and how they provide guidance on integrity, honesty, compassion, and fairness.
1. The ten commandments
Christian ethics in business is closely tied to the Ten Commandments, which are fundamental principles found in the Bible's Old Testament. These commandments, given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, form the basis of moral and ethical behaviour for Christians. Integrating the principles of the Ten Commandments into business practices fosters a sense of integrity, honesty, and fairness, which are essential for building a purpose-driven and ethical enterprise. Let's explore how each commandment can be applied to business ethics:
You shall have no other gods before me.
This commandment emphasizes the importance of prioritizing God above all else. In the business context, it serves as a reminder to put ethical values and moral principles ahead of mere profit-seeking. Business leaders are encouraged to uphold integrity, honesty, and fairness, even if it means sacrificing short-term gains.
As an example, despite having been a student of business many years ago, I still can't understand the never-ending search for continuous profit and growth. Obviously, every business must make more than its costs and have a reasonable return for investors, however, return does not, in my view, mean doing anything and everything for it (e.g cost-cutting through means such as staff layoffs, despite being profitable). Being in the black, in a reasonable way, means that we can offer jobs to other members of the human community, good pensions, and a relaxed and rewarding work environment. Work was made for man, and not the other way around.
You shall not make for yourself any graven image.
In the business world, this commandment encourages leaders to avoid idolizing material possessions, wealth, or power. Instead, the focus should be on serving the needs of customers, employees, and the community. An ethical business values people over profits and avoids unethical practices for the sake of gaining wealth or influence.
It's interesting that many of the world's billionaires eventually, and with little exception, give away significant portions of their wealth to charity. There is no better appreciation of one's wealth than to see the joy it brings to your fellow human being through the alleviation of some of their needs.
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
This commandment reminds individuals to honour God's name and reputation. In the context of business, it calls for companies to uphold their promises and commitments honestly. Avoiding false advertising and misleading marketing tactics is essential to maintain credibility and trust with customers.
This is related to idolizing the bottom line and personal wealth at any cost. I truly cannot understand how a human being would knowingly sell a product or service through false advertising and secondly knowing full well that it can be harmful. This boils down to placing oneself in the position of "god", yet still being a creature of flesh and blood like all other created sentient beings.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
In a business setting, this commandment highlights the importance of work-life balance and respecting the well-being of employees. Providing time for rest and personal rejuvenation helps create a positive work environment and fosters greater productivity and employee loyalty. Am a strong believer in working smart as opposed to just working hard. I find it difficult to understand that even with the advent of the computer and technology, tools that were meant to reduce the workload, office hours appear to be getting longer rather than shorter. I admire Mediterranean countries and many towns found along the coast where "siesta" is a way of life. Work was made for man and not the other way around. If I had my way, I would change the working week to just 4 days and 3 days off; the world won't come to an end if we do so.
Honour your father and your mother.
In the context of business, this commandment emphasizes respect for authority figures and superiors within the organizational structure. Business leaders should value the wisdom and experience of their mentors and predecessors, using it to guide their decisions and actions. The old should also not be a stumbling block to the young.
You shall not murder.
In a business context, this commandment is interpreted metaphorically, emphasizing the importance of preserving life and promoting a safe working environment. Ethical business practices should prioritize the well-being and safety of employees, customers, and the community.
Businesses both legitimate and illegitimate that fall under this may include (amongst many):
Slave trade
Human trafficking's
Fraudulent stock trading
Using monopoly power to destroy rival businesses
Selling of Opioids
Drug trading
Selling ineffective drugs
The list is literally endless....
You shall not commit adultery.
This commandment underscores the importance of fidelity and loyalty. In business, it translates to honesty in dealings with partners and customers, avoiding conflicts of interest and breaches of trust.
You shall not steal.
This commandment highlights the principle of honesty and integrity in all business dealings. Ethical businesses respect the property and intellectual rights of others and refrain from engaging in theft, fraud, or unethical competition.
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour.
In the business world, this commandment emphasizes the value of honesty and truthfulness. Ethical businesses prioritize transparency in communication, ensuring that accurate information is provided to all stakeholders.
You shall not covet anything that belongs to your neighbour.
In the context of business ethics, this commandment encourages companies to focus on their unique strengths and offerings rather than being envious or imitating competitors. Ethical businesses compete fairly and ethically, respecting the rights and intellectual property of others.
2. The Sermon on the Mount
The Sermon on the Mount, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew chapters 5 to 7, contains essential ethical principles that provide guidance for Christians in all aspects of life, including business. Let's explore how the key teachings from the Sermon on the Mount can be applied to ethical business practices:
The Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12)
The Beatitudes emphasize virtues such as humility, compassion, and righteousness. In the business context, these principles call for leaders to be compassionate towards their employees, customers, and the broader community. Ethical businesses prioritize the well-being of their stakeholders, and leaders exhibit humility rather than seeking power and dominance.
All human beings are talented in one way or the other. To whom much talent has been given, much will be expected and judged. As a business leader, you are responsible for the employees, their families, dependents on these families, your suppliers and customers and their dependents and so on. It should never evade you, that the cross you carry and the responsibility for the same is very large and dire indeed. Be careful of the decisions you make because they have very far-reaching consequences.
Salt and Light (Matthew 5:13-16)
Jesus encourages his followers to be the "salt of the earth" and the "light of the world." In business, this teaching calls for companies to have a positive influence on society by operating ethically and responsibly. Ethical businesses lead by example, demonstrating integrity and ethical conduct that positively impacts the community.
Anger and Reconciliation (Matthew 5:21-26)
Jesus teaches about resolving conflicts and reconciling with others rather than harbouring anger or resentment. In the business context, this principle calls for leaders to address conflicts in a constructive and peaceful manner. Ethical businesses prioritize open communication and resolution, fostering a positive and harmonious work environment.
It is not necessary that we live in a world that views business and life in general as a zero-sum game, winner takes all mentality. It's better to look for win-win solutions in the interest of peace ad reconciliation.
Adultery and Lust (Matthew 5:27-30)
Jesus speaks about the importance of purity and avoiding lustful thoughts. In business, this teaching emphasizes the importance of honesty and avoiding deceptive practices. Ethical businesses avoid manipulative marketing tactics and prioritize transparency and truthfulness in their interactions with customers.
Oaths and Honesty (Matthew 5:33-37)
Jesus encourages his followers to be truthful in their speech and avoid making false oaths. In the business context, this principle highlights the importance of honesty and integrity in all communications. Ethical businesses prioritize transparent and truthful interactions with customers, partners, and employees.
Turning the Other Cheek (Matthew 5:38-42)
In this teaching, Jesus encourages his followers to respond to evil with love and non-violence. In business, this principle calls for leaders to respond to challenges with grace and compassion, seeking peaceful and ethical solutions to conflicts.
Love Your Enemies (Matthew 5:43-48)
Jesus teaches about loving even those who may oppose or mistreat us. In the business world, this principle encourages businesses to treat competitors and rivals with respect and fairness. Ethical businesses compete fairly and refrain from engaging in unethical practices to gain an advantage.
Giving to the Needy (Matthew 6:1-4)
Jesus emphasizes the importance of giving to those in need without seeking recognition or praise. In the business context, this principle calls for companies to engage in philanthropic initiatives and social responsibility without self-promotion or ulterior motives.
Self-promotion is defined as the action of promoting or publicizing oneself or one's activities, especially in a forceful way.
I see no harm in sharing a company's philanthropic deeds as part of Corporate social responsibility. It stops being this if you imagine yourself a Saint for doing so. This is the same at the individual level. Let those that receive be knowledgeable, but you need not blow your trumpet.
Prayer, Forgiveness, and Fasting (Matthew 6:5-18)
Jesus teaches about the value of sincere prayer, forgiveness, and fasting. In business, this principle calls for leaders to prioritize ethical behaviour, seek forgiveness for any wrongs, and practice humility in their actions.
Treasures in Heaven (Matthew 6:19-24)
Jesus speaks about the impermanence of material wealth and the importance of prioritizing spiritual values. In business, this teaching encourages leaders to consider the long-term impact of their actions and prioritize ethical conduct over short-term gains.
Do Not Worry (Matthew 6:25-34)
Jesus encourages his followers not to worry about material needs, emphasizing trust in God's provision. In the business context, this principle calls for leaders to prioritize the well-being of their employees, ensuring fair compensation and support.
Judging Others (Matthew 7:1-6)
Jesus warns against judging others harshly. In business, this principle calls for leaders to treat employees and partners with respect, avoiding unfair criticism or judgment.
Ask, Seek, Knock (Matthew 7:7-12)
Jesus encourages his followers to seek God's guidance and to treat others as they would like to be treated. In the business context, this principle calls for ethical behaviour, honest dealings, and a commitment to treat customers and employees with fairness and respect.
The Wise and Foolish Builders (Matthew 7:24-27)
Jesus uses the analogy of building a house on rock or sand to illustrate the importance of a solid foundation. In the business world, this teaching emphasizes the significance of ethical values as the foundation for a sustainable and successful enterprise.
3. The Great Commandments
The Great Commandment encompasses two essential principles that serve as the foundation for ethical conduct in all aspects of life, including business. The Great Commandment, as recorded in the Gospels of Matthew (22:37-40) and Mark (12:29-31), consists of two interconnected commandments:
Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.
This commandment emphasizes the primacy of love and devotion to God above all else. In the context of business, it calls for entrepreneurs and business leaders to align their actions with their faith and to seek God's guidance in decision-making. Loving God wholeheartedly influences business leaders to prioritize ethical conduct and moral values in all aspects of their enterprise.
The second commandment also known as the golden rule instructs believers to show love and compassion to others, treating them with the same care and respect they would want for themselves. In the business context, this principle guides leaders to prioritize the well-being of employees, customers, suppliers, and the broader community. Ethical businesses prioritize fair treatment, transparency, and social responsibility, reflecting love and compassion in their interactions.
The Golden Rule, also known as the ethic of reciprocity, serves as a guiding principle for ethical behaviour in all aspects of life, including business. It can be summarized as "do unto others as you would have them do unto you." Let's explore how the Golden Rule influences business ethics:
Respect and Fairness: The Golden Rule encourages individuals to treat others with respect and fairness, reflecting on how they would like to be treated in similar situations. In the business context, this principle guides leaders to prioritize fair and ethical treatment of employees, customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
Customer-Centric Approach: The Golden Rule calls for businesses to consider the needs and preferences of their customers as they would want their own needs to be considered. Ethical businesses prioritize customer satisfaction and ensure that their products and services meet high ethical standards.
Empathy and Compassion: The Golden Rule encourages individuals to empathize with others and demonstrate compassion in their actions. In business, this principle guides leaders to understand the perspectives and challenges faced by employees and customers, fostering a compassionate and supportive work environment.
Integrity and Honesty: The ethic of reciprocity emphasizes honesty and integrity in all interactions. In business, this principle calls for companies to uphold their promises and commitments, avoid deceptive practices, and act with transparency and honesty.
Ethical Decision-Making: The Golden Rule prompts individuals to consider the ethical implications of their decisions and actions. In the business context, this means that leaders should prioritize moral values and ethical considerations in their decision-making processes.
Employee Well-Being: The Golden Rule encourages businesses to treat employees as they would want to be treated, prioritizing their well-being and offering a positive and inclusive work environment.
Supplier Relationships: The Golden Rule extends to relationships with suppliers, guiding businesses to treat them with fairness, respect, and timely payments, as they would wish for themselves.
Social Responsibility: The ethic of reciprocity calls for businesses to contribute positively to society and the community, considering the impact of their actions on others.
Avoiding Harm: The Golden Rule prompts individuals and businesses to avoid causing harm or suffering to others, prioritizing ethical practices in all business dealings.
Building Trust and Relationships: By treating others with the respect and kindness they desire, businesses can build trust and strong relationships with employees, customers, and stakeholders.
Christian ethics in business provides a robust and purpose-driven framework that integrates biblical principles into the world of commerce. By upholding values of integrity, honesty, compassion, and servant leadership, businesses can create a positive impact on employees, customers, and society at large. Emphasizing social responsibility, fair treatment, and employee well-being, Christian ethics offers a guiding light for leaders seeking to build ethical and sustainable enterprises. In a world where ethical conduct and corporate responsibility are increasingly valued, embracing Christian ethics can set businesses apart and lead to long-term success and positive societal impact. By committing to ethical decision-making, responsible stewardship, and a focus on the well-being of all stakeholders, businesses can make a significant difference in the world while achieving their goals and objectives.
Enjoy!